Shikoku Dog

The Shikoku Dog

The Shikoku (四国犬, Shikoku-ken) is a rare Japanese dog breed that originated in the mountainous regions of Shikoku island. This medium-sized spitz-type dog is known for its wolf-like appearance, agility, and strong hunting instincts. Recognized as one of Japan's six native dog breeds, the Shikoku is highly prized for its loyalty, intelligence, and striking presence.

History and Origin

The Shikoku dog has a long history dating back to ancient Japan, where it was primarily used for hunting wild boar and deer in the mountainous regions of Kochi Prefecture. These dogs were bred to be tough, agile hunters capable of navigating difficult terrain.

There were originally three varieties of Shikoku distinguished by region: Awa, Hongawa, and Hata. The Hongawa line was considered the purest as it developed in the most inaccessible mountainous areas. In 1937, the Shikoku was designated as a "Natural Monument" by the Japanese government, helping to preserve the breed.

Physical Characteristics

Size: Medium-sized, males 19-22 inches (48-55 cm) tall, females 17-20 inches (43-52 cm)
Weight: 35-55 pounds (16-25 kg)
Coat: Double coat with straight, harsh outer hair and soft, dense undercoat
Colors: Sesame (red with black tips), black sesame, or red sesame
Ears: Small, triangular, pricked ears
Tail: Curled or sickle-shaped tail carried over the back
Lifespan: 10-12 years

Personality and Temperament

The Shikoku is an intelligent, alert, and spirited breed with strong hunting instincts. They form deep bonds with their families but can be reserved with strangers. These dogs are known for their:

Loyalty

Intelligence

Energy Level

Trainability

Friendliness

Shikoku dogs are independent thinkers and require consistent, positive training methods. They have strong prey drives and may chase small animals if not properly trained.

Care Requirements

60+ min

Daily Exercise

2-3x

Weekly Brushing

Medium

Shedding Level

High

Mental Stimulation

Shikoku dogs thrive in homes where they receive:

Regular vigorous exercise (long walks, hikes, or runs)
Mental stimulation through training and puzzle toys
Early socialization with people and other animals
A securely fenced yard (they are excellent climbers and diggers)
Moderate grooming (more frequent during shedding seasons)

Interesting Facts

The Shikoku is sometimes called the "Kochi-ken" after Kochi Prefecture where it originated.
They are considered the most wolf-like of all Japanese dog breeds.
The breed nearly went extinct during World War II but was saved by dedicated breeders.
In Japan, they are still occasionally used for hunting wild boar.
The breed was recognized by the FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) in 1982.